Population Pharmacodynamic Analyses of Human Anti-Rabies Virus Monoclonal Antibody (Ormutivimab) in Healthy Adult Subjects.

Ormutivimab is the first recombinant human anti-rabies monoclonal antibody (rhRIG) approved for clinical application in China. In this study, a population pharmacodynamic (PPD) model was established to compare the neutralizing antibody activities of Ormutivimab and human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG), alone or combined with human rabies vaccine (Vero), in a phase II clinical trial, and to recommend a target dose for the phase III trial. The model was verified to fit the PPD data well. The stability of the model was verified by the bootstrap method. The level of neutralizing antibodies in vivo increased rapidly after administration of Ormutivimab or HRIG. Neutralizing antibodies with a strong activity were produced at 7 days (Ormutivimab + vaccine) or 10 days (HRIG + vaccine) after induction by the vaccine in vivo. Compared to that induced by HRIG + vaccine, the level of the neutralizing antibodies induced by Ormutivimab + vaccine peaked higher and faster. The levels of neutralizing antibodies induced by Ormutivimab + vaccine and HRIG + vaccine were similar within 21 days after administration. According to these results and the safety data, 20 IU·kg-1 was recommended as the target dose in the confirmatory study of Ormutivimab. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02559921.

New derivatives of nonactic and homononactic acids from Bacillus pumilus derived from Breynia fruticosa.

Six new nonactic and homononactic acid derivatives, ethyl homononactate (1), ethyl nonactate (2), homononactyl homononactate (6), ethyl homononactyl nonactate (7), ethyl homononactyl homononactate (8), and ethyl nonactyl nonactate (9), as well as four known compounds, homononactic acid (3), nonactic acid (4), homononactyl nonactate (5), and bishomononactic acid (10), were isolated from culture broth of Bacillus pumilus derived from Breynia fruticosa. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. The optical purities of 1-6 were determined by HPLC/MS after treatment with L-phenylalanine methyl ester. The dimeric compounds 5-9 showed weak cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines (IC50 19-100 µg/ml).